Research Articles

Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnosis: A Review

2026-07-23T11:16:08Z

Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnosis: A Review GAMDE, Solomon Mathias; FRANCIS, Love Immunohistochemistry in cancer diagnosis holds great potenƟal to improve paƟent’s outcomes through enhanced diagnosƟc accuracy and more effecƟve treatment strategies. AnƟgen-anƟbody interacƟons is one of its main objecƟves that uƟlizes the specific binding of anƟbodies to cellular anƟ- gens allowing for the precise idenƟficaƟon and localizaƟon of specific proteins within Ɵssue samples. However, there exist pracƟcal hitches in the form of Ɵssue fixaƟon, epi- tope retrieval, and anƟbody quality. It is crucial to conƟnue streamlining the techniques and scoring systems to guar- antee their reliability in various contexts. Understanding the interactions is pivotal for the accurate diagnosis, prog- nosis, and future perspectives. As technology continues to advance and our understanding of cancer biology deep- ens, immunohistochemistry will remain an invaluable tool for precision in cancer diagnosis.

Prospect and Challenges of Xenotransplantation: A Review

2026-07-23T10:26:23Z

Prospect and Challenges of Xenotransplantation: A Review GAMDE, Solomon Mathias Background and Aims - The shortage of organs for transplantation has been a critical issue, leaving many patients with life-threatening conditions on waiting lists with little hope. Xenotransplantation have the potential to provide hope for patients with organ failure, offering them a chance at extended and improved quality of life. However, no single study satisfactorily evaluated the health outcome of xenotransplantation strategies. There is the lack of gold standard limit evaluation for xenotransplantation. This review aimed to address the shortage of organs for transplantation by utilizing tissue organs from animals in accord- ance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMAScR) guideline. Published english-language studies in electronic data bases included Pu- bMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were retrieved using specific search themes such as organ transplan- tation OR xenotransplantation OR xenograft AND immune responses. In this study, xenotransplantation provided hope for patients with organ failure, offering them a chance to live with improved quality of life. Despite the numerous advantages that could accrue to humans when xenografting becomes a clinical success, there are a lot of risks that are associated with xenotransplantation. The high level of immuno- suppressive drugs needed to overcome immune rejection may be counterproductive, leaving the patient susceptible to other infections. Modifying xenotransplantation to suit individual patient’s needs through genetic modification could reduce the risk of graft rejection. In addition, research in xenotransplantation in fields like immunology, genetics, and biotechnology could lead to a profound understanding of the human immune system.

Therapeutic Potential of Orally Administered Aqueous Seed Extract of Garcinia kola on Experimental Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid Colitis in Wistar Rats

2026-07-23T10:24:21Z

Therapeutic Potential of Orally Administered Aqueous Seed Extract of Garcinia kola on Experimental Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid Colitis in Wistar Rats GAMDE, Solomon Mathias Introduction: Erosive colitis is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown cause, characterized by recurrent erosion of the colonic mucosal lining. The pathogenesis likely involves genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Aim: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Garcinia kola (GK) on acetic acid-induced erosive colitis in adult male Wistar rats. Erosive colitis (EC) was induced in male Wistar rats by intra-rectal administration of 2 ml of 4 % acetic acid at 8 cm proximal to the anus for 30 seconds. Methodology: Thirty-six animals were divided into six groups (n=6), negative control (no erosion, no GK); positive control (erosive colitis without treatment of GK extract); treated with 100, 200, 400mg/kg GK, standard treatment group (Prednisolone) for 14 days. Results: Garcinia kola significantly improved Erosive colitis-induced reduction in mean stool consistency and mean macroscopic erosion score (P< 0.05). Injection of GK also significantly reduced the mean microscopic erosion score when compared to untreated EC control (P < 0.01). GK reduced the colonic mucosa injury of the Wistar rat. Conclusion: Results of this study provide scientific evidence that lends credence to the use of aqueous seed extract of Garcinia kola in folklore medicine in the management of colitis erosion.

Immunotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review

2026-07-23T10:17:50Z

Immunotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review GAMDE, Solomon Mathias Background and Aims-Immunotherapy is a revolutionary treatment approach for rheumatoid arthritis. However, based on our knowledge, the disease is not well studied. Understanding the pathophysiology, possible diagnosis, and management interventions for rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for improving the quality of life for individuals with the disease. This study was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines for review. Our data showed that immunotherapy has demon- strated significant potential in the management of rheumatoid arthritis by specifically targeting dysregulated immune responses implicated in the disease pathogenesis. TNF-α inhibitors, IL-6 receptor antagonists, B-cell depletion therapy, and JAK inhibitors have all shown efficacy in reduc- ing inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in rheumatoid -arthritis patients. In addition, by targeting the key immune pathways, immunotherapy demonstrated a substantial impact in reducing the disease activity and slowing the progression of joint damage. Consequently, immu- notherapy is a valuable therapeutic option for rheumatoid arthritis patients who do not respond adequately to the traditional treatment modalities. As our understanding of the immunological processes in rheumatoid arthritis deepens, further advances in immunotherapy are expected, providing hope for more personalized and effective approaches to managing the chronic autoim- mune disease.